怎么给猪配种，配种管理指南（连载八）

怎么给猪配种，配种管理指南（连载八）前言Foreword丹育猪以高产闻名于世，但因为猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹育（种猪）在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高猪译馆特收集收拾了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载由喜肉科技携手英联饲料和华扬（种猪）联合推出的丹麦养猪讨论中心制作的丹育《配种管理手册》，敬请关注编者的话Editors Note配种是新一轮生产的开头，配种质量会直接影响受胎率、分娩率、产仔数、断奶数等一系列关键的KPIo因此配种舍的正确管理有助于提升和维持母猪高产、稳产本手册具体讲解了不同生产模式下查情和配种的各种技巧，其中无数章节图文并茂能够直接作为SOP使用如因圈舍紧急，只能将问题母猪转入妊娠舍，则至少要在观看名单上记录这些猪的状况Is itfor reasonsof spacenecessary toinsert questionableanimals in thegestation unit,they shouldas aminimum beput onan OBS-list.转群时，检查耳牌，以避开在大群体中不能准时发觉带有缺陷的耳牌Eartags arechecked toavoid thatsows withdefective eartagsshould befoundin thelarge groups.转群时，要全面评估每头母猪的体况母猪分娩时好的体况打算了其好的生产性能注重瘦的和衰老的母猪采食时光持续通常较长，因此不同的母猪要区分对待，这可利用饲喂曲线的挑选和采食时光的设定来实现By insertioneach animalshould bethoroughly assessedin termsof bodycondition.It iscrucial to the sowscareer that the sow is inproper bodyconditionat farrowing.Note thatthin andyoung sowsoften havelongerduration of eating,and thereforethey must be handleddifferently inrelation to theother sows.This isreflected in the choiceof feedcurves andsettingofeatingtime.假如母猪没有被人工激发，母猪就不能根据挑选好的饲喂曲线饲喂If the sowis not manualactivated/present,the sowwill notbe on theselected feedcurve.利用关闭饲料配料器，母猪可以很主动地利用饲喂站By closingthe feedthe sows are motivatedto gothrough the feedstation.每一次转入新的母猪都会产生等级竞争注重后备母猪的群体适应性，年长的、强群中的经产母猪和弱群中占优势的后备母猪能够转入同一个群体中每次至少有10头母猪一起转入同一个圈舍中Each timeyou insertnew animals,there arerank matches.By carefulsocializationof gilts,older wellranked sowsas wellas weakrank giltswithadvantage are inserted in the samegroup.There should be aminimum of10animals insertedatthesame timein the pen.转群需要在一个比较宁静的时光段举行，最早是在午饭后，这时大多数的群体都已采食完毕这确保了圈舍内平息和轻松的氛围Insertion shouldbe donein aquiet period,the earliestright afterlunch,when mostof the group haseaten.This ensurespeace in the unitand arelaxedwelcome.母猪需从饲喂站的通道转入，这可确保全部母猪都认识该系统It is recommended toinsert the sows through the feed station.This istoensure that all the sows arefamiliar withthe system.挑选1Alternative1能够挑选将母猪直接转入群体在这种状况下，需在转入之前将母猪喂饱，并在接下来的几天里最先饲喂这些猪这通常用在饲喂站里猪较多的时候Alternatively,the sows are putdirectly into the group.In thesecases itisrecommended that the inserted sows are fed before insertion andis firstallocatedfeed in the feed station the following feedingday.This practiceisused incases ofhigh occupancyof thefeed stations.挑选2Alternative2最温柔的转群方式是上午在配种舍饲喂一半的日粮，中午转群后再利用饲喂站饲喂另一半（（技术）允许的话）这可减轻饲喂站的负荷，并使母猪转群后在圈舍内保持宁静Most gentleis theinsertion byfeeding normalmorning rationand half（）rations throughfeedstationif technicallypossible.This ensuresa lowerburdenof thefeeding stationsand filledand calmsows in the pen.15b.转入妊娠舍（饲喂/歇息栏的自由进出栏）（）Insertion InThe GestationUnti Feeding/resting Boxes15bl5b.l转群时光Insertion Time饲养在每头都有饲料配送器的圈舍中的母猪的转群时光如下:The followingtimes forinsertion ofsows inpens witha feedingbox persow:Before mating

2.配种后After mating

3.配种4周后4weeks aftermating15b.2转群前Before Insertion母猪的评估走路不正常、有肩伤或另外问题的母猪要送入病猪栏或淘汰Assessment of the animal.An animalthat do not gonormally,hasshoulder wounds,is verythin orhas otherdysfunctionals isset in thehospital pen or is culled.在群体中假如有可能的话，将母猪按体况举行分群将弱的群体分成两群，这样能够满足母猪的能量需求，也可对大小不同的母猪举行不同的饲喂The sows are divided,if possiblein groups,by body condition.Abreakdown ofthe weak groups,into twogroups couldmeet theenergyneeds ofthe sows,so thatthe bigsowsarefed differentlythan thesmallersows.圈舍内铺满垫料，并检查全部的圈舍、饲料分配器和饮水器是否正常运转The pen is filledwith beddingand itis checkedthatallboxes,feed boxesandwater valvesare working.15b.3转群当天By InsertionOn TheDay在转群前，将母猪喂饱饱腹母猪间的争斗比饥饿母猪间少The animals arefedbeforeinsertionin thepen.Filled sowsfight lessthanhungry sows.圈舍内一次性装满经产母猪和后备母猪假如母猪在圈舍内配种,可将混养群中的瘦的经产母猪和后备母猪单独锁在能单独供料的限位栏内The penis filledat oncewith bothsows andgilts.If the animals arematedin thepen,gilts andlean sowscan advantageouslybe housed in aseparatepen wherefeeding can be doneindividually,if the animals arefixedin thebox.目的是得到稳定的群体，如不将新的母猪转入稳定的群体Aim forstable groups,ie.Dont putnew animals into existinggroups.来自弱群的多余母猪，能够饲养在备用的圈舍内Excess animals from theweakgroupscanbehousedin a spare pen.15bl5b.4来自病猪舍的健康母猪Healthy AnimalsFrom Hospital Pens将它们和一起配种的群体饲养在一起，或者饲养在备用的圈舍内The animalsare puttogether withtheir matedgroup.Alternatively,putthe animalsinto thesparepen.15b.5不好的转群计划可导致Bad Insertion Strategy Causes15a转入妊娠舍（电子母猪饲喂器）Insertion InThe GestationUnit Esf15a.i-215a.1转群前Before Insertion母猪的评估走路不正常、有肩伤或另外问题的母猪要送入病猪栏或淘汰Assessment oftheanimal.Animals that donotwalk normally,hasshoulder woundsor otherdisorders areput in a hospital penorisculled.用耳牌阅读器检查耳牌Check eartags withan eartag reader.群体中有的母猪需要（治疗），但（治疗）起来很困难，也很难治愈That thereis insertedtreatment requiredsows in the group,and therebymakingtreating andcuring difficult.躺卧区垫料撒布不匀称会导致母猪不一定会躺在垫料上Poor spreadingof bedding in the lying areameans thatthe animalsremainin theirbox.有饲喂/歇息栏的自由进出栏Pens withfeeding/resting boxes.在躺卧区有垫料的圈舍内的母猪Sows inbox withbeddingin thelyingarea.补充说明:转群计划Additional Comments:Insertion Strategy每一次在群体中转入新的母猪，都会有等级争斗的发生母猪会利用体型外貌或打斗来推断谁是最强壮的，假如另外母猪不逃避，这会对母猪造成应激，所以需要尽可能少的混群Each timeyou insertnew animalsin agroup,a newformation ofhierarchywill occur.Sows investigatewho ismost strongby markingorfighting,if theother sowdoes notdodge.These fightsare stressfulfor thesows,therefore aslittle mixingas possibleisrecommended.

6.1转群前Before Insertion断奶后母猪被转入妊娠舍中饲养直至被转入产房前该计划对猪舍设计和布局有以下要求At weaningthe sowsare inserted in the gestation unitwhere theyareuntil theyare movedinto thefarrowing unit.This isthe followingconsequences for the design and layout ofthe pens:1）给那些不发情、返情的经产母猪和后备母猪留15-20%的额外空间,而且针对不同群体大小的差异还需预留10%的空间这些额外的空间能够建成一栋备用的圈舍15-20%extra spacesfor animalsthatdonot comeinto oestrus,returnersand gilts.Furthermore,there shouldbe established10%extra spacesforvariations inthe groupsizes.Extra spacecan possiblybe establishedin aspare unit.2）需要有足够宽的饲喂/歇息栏（65-70cm（内部尺寸））There shouldbe feeding/resting boxesthat arewide enough65-70cminternal dimensions.3在群养舍中，地面要防滑排水地板要有垫料，按照法律要求，两排自由进出栏之间至少相距3米When itis loosehousing,the floormustbeslip freedrained floorwithbedding andthe distancebetween the boxes shouldbe morethan3meters accordingto thelaw.4至少用两种饲料来饲喂母猪，即空怀母猪的日粮比妊娠母猪的日粮能量高It mustbe possibleto feedtheanimals with at least twomixtures intheunit,so thatthe emptyanimalsarefed witha moreenergetic feedthanpregnant animals.5为了使后备母猪可以融入母猪群，能够考虑一开头就让后备母猪进入群体为了分出衰老的母猪，要将群体分转入两个圈舍，一个为后备母猪和青年经产母猪，另一个为较老经产母猪To getgilts integratedinto the group ofsows,one canconsider to thegilts tothe groupfrom thestart.In orderto sparethe younganimals,thegroup mustbe dividedinto twopens apen withgilts andyoung sowsand apen with oldersows.

6.2配种之后After Mating经产母猪和后备母猪刚刚发情，就能够把它们转入妊娠舍该计划对猪舍设计和布局有以下要求:Sows andgilts canbe movedinto thegestation unitjust afteroestrus.This willhave followingconsequences for thedesignandlayout ofthe pens:返情母猪将占用15%的额外空间，而且针对不同群体大小的差异还需预留10%的空间这些额外的空间可建成一栋备用的圈舍15%extra spacefor returnersand10%extra spacefor variationsin thegroupsize.Extra spacecan possiblybe establishedin aspare unit.群体大小差异可利用以下两种方式来处理Variations inthe groupsize canbe handledtwo ways:a.每一栋猪舍内都要有可调整的空间，这样妊娠鉴定后就能够封闭多余的栏位There shallbe roomforthefluctuation ineach penso thatthe excessboxesafter pregnancycontrol isblinded off.b,有从另外群体转入的母猪，这会降低工作人员对猪群的整体概念There areinsertedsowsfrom anothergroup tothepen,which reducestheoverview forthe staff.经产母猪和后备母猪能够支配在同一猪舍内Sows andgilts canbe placedinthesame pen.

6.3配种4个星期后4Weeks AfterMating母猪在配种4个星期后，且经妊娠鉴定后转入妊娠舍该计划对猪舍设计和布局有以下要求Sows areinsertedinthegestation unit4weeks aftermating andafterpregnancy control.This willhave followingconsequencesforthe designandlayoutofthepens:

1.圈舍内栏位的数量和预计分娩母猪的数量相对应即假定全部的返情母猪都在转入妊娠舍前被查出来，所以不需要计算额外空间The numberof placesinthepeniscomplied withthe desirednumber offarrowings.It isassumed thatall returnersare foundwithin insertionin thepen,why thereshould notbe calculatedwith extraplaces.

2.经产母猪和后备母猪能够支配在同一猪舍内Sows andgilts canbe placedinthesame pen.准时（治疗）可延伸母猪的使用年限有

1、2和3级肩伤的母猪应转入病猪舍有4级肩伤的母猪要淘汰Timely treatmentincreases durabilityamong thesows.Sows withshoulder wounds grade1,2and3is putinthehospital pen.Sows withshoulderwounds grade4is putto sleep.转入有较多垫料的圈舍的母猪会变得越发宁静，由于垫料会转移它们对等级竞争的注重力正常运转的饲料分配器、饮水器和栏位的数量要与圈舍内母猪的数量相匹配，以确保全部的母猪都能采食，以此避开母猪间的争斗记得关上多余的栏位，以此避开母猪在采食时穿梭其间Sows cominginto apen withplenty ofbedding willbe calmer,and thebeddingwill diverttheir attentionfrom theranking fights.The numberoffunctioning feeddispensers,valves andboxes mustmatch thenumber ofsows inthepen toensure thatall thesowsarefed andhereby avoidconfrontationsbetween thesows.Remember toclose theremaining boxesandhereby avoidthatthesowsareshuttling betweentheboxesduringfeeding.假如弱群中的母猪数量比圈舍中的栏位数量多，多余的母猪可转入备用的圈舍假如弱群中的母猪数量比圈舍中的栏位数量少，则需关上多余的栏位If theweakly groupscontain moreanimals than there are places forinthe pen,excess animalsare placedin aspare unit.If theweakly groupcontainsfewer animalsthanthereareplacesfor,the excessboxes andvalvesshouldbeclosed.将病猪栏中恢复的猪和刚配种的群体饲养在一起，假如条件不允许,则将其饲养在闲置的圈舍内Cured sowsfrom thehospital pensare placedinthepenwithsows fromthecurrent matinggroup.If thisisnotpossible,animals fromthe hospitalpenis placedinthespareunit.检查接收器接收的号码与母猪的号码是否相符Check thatthe transpondercorresponds tothesownumber.按照配种记录调节电脑里的周期清单Cycle daysinthecomputer isheld uptothemating list.评估母猪体况，并按照体况来调节饲喂曲线Rate thebodyconditionand adjustthefeedcurve inrelationtotheirbody condition.确保在控制系统中激发每头母猪Make thesow active/present inthe controlprogram.其次天要转入妊娠舍的母猪当天吃料后，需关闭其在配种舍的饲料配料器The nightbefore thefeeder isclosed bythesowsinthemating/controlunit forthose sowsthere willbe movedthefollowingday.15a,2转群当天By InsertingOn TheDay尽可能少的向群体中引入新的母猪（半稳定或稳定群体）Try tointroduce newanimalsintothegroupas seldomas possiblesemi-stable orstable groups.要在一个比较宁静的时光段转群，普通在午后Insertion shouldbe doneinaquiet periodtypically afterlunch.转群时，最好让母猪利用饲喂站进入妊娠舍，并饲喂一半的日粮The sowsare sluicedif possiblethroughthefeedstationintothepenand areallocated halfration.来自病猪舍的健康母猪Healthy AnimalsFrom TheHospitalPen来自病猪舍的健康母猪需要和至少10头另外母猪同时转入Try tointroduce newanimalswithatleast10other animals.在有垫料圈舍中的母猪Sows innest boxes.母猪躺在漏缝地板上Sows lyingon slattedfloor.15a.4不好的转群计划会导致Poor InsertionStrategy LeadsTo群体中有的母猪需要（治疗），但（治疗）起来很困难，也很难治愈That thereis insertedtreatment requiredsowsinthegroup,and therebydoesit difficultto treatand curethesows.

2.母猪几天吃不到饲料That thesows donot getfeed forseveral days.

3.母猪在相当长的时光里，只能吃到牵强维持生命的饲料That thesows surviveon rationsin inappropriatelong time.4,因等级竞争而引起太多母猪的肢蹄受伤That toomany sowsget legand footinjuries dueto rankmatches.

5.新转入的母猪在被群体接受前，只能躺在冷的漏缝地板上That thenewly insertedsows lieonthecold slattedfloors untilthey areacceptedinto thegroup.

6.假如未来自同一个群体的母猪，转入不同的圈舍，会增强工作量An increasedworkload,if theanimalsfromone groupareinsertedintoseveral pens.补充说明:转群计划Additional Comments:InsertionStrategy在稳定群体中，只将那些行动正常的母猪转移至妊娠舍，能够最有效地通过妊娠舍准时对母猪实行（治疗）措施可延伸母猪的使用年限推断猪肢蹄病的标准参见手册有2级肩伤的母猪要转入病猪舍;有3或4级肩伤的母猪要淘汰;有1级肩伤的母猪要列在观看名单上It givesthe optimaluse ofgestation placesin stablegroups byonlymoving thegood walkingtothegestationunit.Timely treatmentgivesincreased durabilityamong thesows.Criterias forexposure isshown inthehandbook sheetabout legand hoofailments.Sows with shoulder woundsgrade2is placedinahospitalpen.Sows withshoulderwounds grade3and4is putto sleep,and sowswithshoulderwoundsgrade1is placedon theOBS-list.。

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