免疫治疗策略有望推动宠物狗的癌症治疗。

摘要

本文是 "同一健康"（Currents in One Health）系列文章的一部分，讨论了免疫疗法的原理，并回顾了它们在狗身上的临床探索，重点是它们在改善常见癌症治疗方面的可转化性。通过饮食、环境意识和预防性医疗实践，宠物狗的寿命越来越长，生活质量越来越高，老年宠物的数量持续稳步增长，因此，与年龄相关的病症也在不断增加。癌症是导致老年犬死亡的最常见原因，在 10 岁以上的犬中，每 4 条死亡犬中就有 1 条死于癌症，这不足为奇。重要的是，宠物狗自发罹患的某些癌症类型与人患的癌症相似。在宠物狗和人类身上观察到的某些癌症具有共同的临床和生物学行为，这凸显了利用比较肿瘤学研究的机会，这种研究可以加速验证和临床实施能使宠物狗受益的创新疗法，并最终指导这些策略在人类身上的临床实践。在免疫疗法时代，宠物狗在免疫系统完好的情况下患癌症，这为研究免疫监视压力下癌症的演变性质提供了独特而宝贵的机会。作为这些发现工作的补充，通过比较肿瘤学方法，在宠物狗身上探索和临床验证新型免疫治疗策略对于确定新的抗癌免疫方法的安全性和免疫激活潜力至关重要，这些方法有望改变宠物和人类的癌症治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

The promise of immunotherapeutic strategies to advance cancer treatment in pet dogs.

In this article, which is part of the Currents in One Health series, principles of immunotherapeutics are discussed and their clinical exploration in dogs reviewed with emphasis on their translatability for improving treatment of commonly diagnosed cancers. With increasing longevity and sustained quality of life in pet dogs through dietary, environmental awareness, and preventative medical practices, the geriatric pet population has continued to steadily grow and, consequently, so have age-related pathologies. Not surprisingly, cancer is the most common cause of mortality in elderly dogs, accounting for 1 in 4 deaths in dogs > 10 years of age. Importantly, some cancer types that arise spontaneously in pet dogs are similar to cancers afflicting people. The shared clinical and biological behaviors of certain cancers observed in pet dogs and people underscore the opportunity to leverage comparative oncology studies, which can accelerate the validation and clinical implementation of innovative therapies that can benefit pet dogs and ultimately guide these strategies toward clinical practice in people too. In the era of immunotherapy, the inclusion of pet dogs that develop cancers under an intact immune system affords a unique and high-value opportunity to study the evolving nature of cancers shaped by immunosurveillance pressures. Complementing these discovery efforts and through a comparative oncology approach, the exploration and clinical validation of novel immunotherapeutic strategies in pet dogs can be foundational for defining the safety and immune-activating potential of new anticancer immune approaches that hold promise to transform cancer treatment in both pets and people alike.

相关知识

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