宠物常见呼吸道疾病的季节性变化分析

推荐查重检测 <30%7692字￥34 2025-01-13

摘要
本研究旨在探讨宠物常见呼吸道疾病的季节性变化特征及其影响因素。通过对2018-2022年间某大型动物医院收治的3,642例犬猫呼吸道疾病病例进行回顾性分析，结合气象数据与空气质量指数，采用时间序列分析和多元回归模型，系统研究了不同季节下宠物呼吸道疾病的发病规律。研究发现，宠物呼吸道疾病呈现明显的季节性波动，其中冬季发病率最高（35.7%），夏季最低（18.2%）。犬类以支气管炎和肺炎为主，猫类则以病毒性上呼吸道感染最为常见。温度、湿度和PM2.5浓度是影响发病率的显著因素，其中温度每降低1℃，犬类发病率增加2.3%，猫类增加1.8%。研究创新性地建立了基于气象因素的宠物呼吸道疾病预警模型，预测准确率达到82.6%。研究结果为宠物主人提供科学的预防指导，为兽医临床诊疗提供重要参考依据，同时填补了国内相关领域的研究空白。建议在寒冷季节加强宠物保暖措施，并关注空气质量对宠物健康的影响。

关键词：宠物呼吸道疾病；季节性变化；气象因素

ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the seasonal variation characteristics and influencing factors of common respiratory diseases in pets. Through a retrospective analysis of 3,642 canine and feline respiratory disease cases admitted to a large animal hospital between 2018 and 2022, combined with meteorological data and air quality indices, time series analysis and multiple regression models were employed to systematically examine the patterns of respiratory disease occurrence across different seasons. The findings reveal that pet respiratory diseases exhibit distinct seasonal fluctuations, with the highest incidence rate observed in winter (35.7%) and the lowest in summer (18.2%). Among dogs, bronchitis and pneumonia were predominant, while viral upper respiratory infections were most common in cats. Temperature, humidity, and PM2.5 concentration were identified as significant factors influencing disease incidence, with a 1°C decrease in temperature associated with a 2.3% increase in canine cases and a 1.8% increase in feline cases. The study innovatively established an early warning model for pet respiratory diseases based on meteorological factors, achieving a prediction accuracy of 82.6%. The results provide scientific preventive guidance for pet owners and offer valuable reference for veterinary clinical diagnosis and treatment, while also addressing a research gap in this field domestically. It is recommended to enhance pet warmth measures during cold seasons and pay attention to the impact of air quality on pet health.

KEY WORDS：Pet Respiratory Diseases; Seasonal Variations; Meteorological Factors

目录
摘要I
ABSTRACTII
第1章绪论1
1.1 研究背景及意义1
1.2 国内外研究现状1
第2章宠物呼吸道疾病的流行病学特征2
2.1 常见呼吸道疾病的分类与特点2
2.2 季节性变化对疾病传播的影响2
2.3 不同气候条件下的疾病分布规律3
第3章季节性因素对宠物呼吸道疾病的影响机制4
3.1 温度变化与呼吸道疾病的关系4
3.2 湿度与空气质量对疾病的影响4
3.3 季节交替期的疾病高发原因分析5
第4章宠物呼吸道疾病的防控策略与建议6
4.1 季节性预防措施的科学依据6
4.2 基于季节变化的疫苗接种策略6
4.3 宠物饲养环境优化建议7
第5章结论8
参考文献9
致谢10