鱼类生殖细胞移植技术研究及进展

周莉1,2,3,4, 刘清华1,2,3, 李军1,2,3
1.中国科学院海洋研究所 中国科学院实验海洋生物学重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;2.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237;3.中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心, 山东 青岛 266071;4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

摘要:
鱼类生殖干细胞具有多向分化潜能，作为供体细胞移入同种或异种受体，在受体内迁移、定居、增殖、分化、成熟，产生供体来源功能性配子和后代，称为鱼类生殖细胞移植。作为一项辅助生殖技术，与冷冻保存技术相结合，已经在多种鱼类上进行研究。经过十几年的发展，鱼类生殖细胞移植技术逐渐成熟，目前已经建立了原始生殖细胞、精原细胞、卵原细胞作为供体细胞，囊胚胚胎、孵化幼鱼、成鱼为受体的移植体系。生殖细胞移植技术未来将在濒危物种保护、代理养殖、干细胞诱导分化等方面发挥重要作用。本文总结分析了目前已经报道的鱼类生殖干细胞移植技术，以及鱼类生殖干细胞移植存在的问题和未来发展方向。
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DOI：10.11759/hykx20200324003
分类号:S961
基金项目:山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项（2018SDKJ0302-4）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0901205）；山东省重点研发计划（2019GHY112013）

Fish germ cell transplantation technology: Research and progress
ZHOU Li1,2,3,4, LIU Qing-hua1,2,3, LI Jun1,2,3
1.CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266237, China;3.Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:
Fish germ stem cells have the potential for multi-directional differentiation. As donor cells, they are transplanted into allogeneic or xenogeneic receptors, after which they migrate, proliferate colonize, differentiate, and mature in the recipient fish to produce donor-derived gametes, in a process called fish germ-cell transplantation. As an assisted reproductive technology, it has been studied on a variety of fish in combination with combined with cryopreservation technology. After more than ten years of development, fish germ-cell transplantation technology has gradually matured. At present, a transplant system has been established in which primordial germ cells, spermatogonia, and oogonia are used as donor cells, and blastula-stage embryos, newly hatched larvae and sexually mature specimens act as recipients. Germ-cell transplantation technology will play an important role in the protection of endangered species, surrogate breeding, stem cell-induced differentiation, and other aspects in the future. In this paper, we perform a brief review of the fish-cell transplantation technology that has been reported so far, a preliminary analysis of its technical characteristics, and then point out the problems of fish germ-cell transplantation and explore the future directions for its development.
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