猫的起源与驯化【附猫全品种名单】

猫的起源和大多数哺乳类动物一样，都是由2亿多年前的古代两栖类爬行生物——哺乳类（中生代的末期）——哺乳纲类（始新世时期）——猫科动物(上新世时期）慢慢进化而来。

19世纪才是真正的猫咪世纪，走过了中世纪，欧洲人逐步开始喜欢上了猫，把猫作为一种宠物来养殖，并意向性的选育特殊形态的猫咪，加上不同品种和亚种的猫咪之间可以任意杂交，因此最终培育出今天各种形态各异的猫咪，从凶猛变得可爱，让猫咪随着人类征服了全世界。

追溯各种猫的培育历史，大多是19世纪以后培育出来的，可见各种宠物猫的历史是非常短暂的。

附：各种猫品种的培育时间表

Birman (Burma, early or France 1930s) [origin disputed]

Khao Manee or Khao Plort (Thailand, early)

Egyptian Mau (Egypt [alleged], early, recognised Europe 1953)

Norwegian Forest Cat (Norway, early)

Persian (Iran [alleged], early; developed in UK from Turkish Angoras, 1800s)

Russian Blue (Russia, early)

Siberia Cat (Russia, early)

Turkish Van (Turkey, early)

Turkish Angora (Turkey, early)

Kuril Bobtail (Russia, early, recognised 1990s)

Japanese Bobtail (Japan, 6th - 10th Century, recognised 1971)

Chartreux (France, 14th Century)

Siamese (Thailand, 1350 - 1767, recognised 1871)

Korat (Thailand, 1350 - 1767)

Burmese (Thailand, 1350-1767, recognised 1936)

Vichien Mas (Thailand, 1676)*probably Siamese

Chinese Lop (China, 1796) *vanished

Edinburgh Tailless (Edinburgh, Scotland, 1809)*vanished

Cornwall (or Dorset) Tailless (Cornwall/Dorset, UK, 1837) * probably Manx

Manx (Isle of Man, UK 1837, USA 1933)

Maine Coon (USA, 1860s)

Abyssinian (Ethiopia [alleged], developed in UK 1860s)

British Shorthair (UK, 1870s)

Malay Cat (Malaysian Peninsula, 1881) *vanished

Mexican Hairless (USA, 1902) *vanished

Malayan Persian (America, 1924)

Himalayan (UK 1920s/USA 1930s & officially 1950s)

German Longhair (Germany, 1929; restored 2008)

Kashmir (USA, 1930s, UK - considered identical to Persian)

Karakul (USA, 1930s)

Peke-Faced Persian (USA, 1930s) *vanished

Prussian Rex (East Prussia, 1930s) *vanished

French Sphynx (France, 1938) *vanished

Balinese (USA, 1940s, recognised 1961)

Ohio Rex (USA, 1944) *vanished

Australian (Australia, 1946) *vanished

German Rex (East Germany, 1946/1951)

Colorpoint Shorthair (UK, 1947 [recognised 1955])

Oriental Shorthair (UK, 1950s)

Tonkinese (Canada, 1950s)

Cornish Rex (UK, 1950)

Italian Rex (Italy, 1950) *vanished

Havana Brown (UK, 1952)

Longhair Japanese Bobtail (Japan, 1954)

Bombay (USA, 1958)

California Rex (USA, 1959) *vanished

Oregon Rex (USA, 1959) *vanished

American Bobtail (USA, 1960s)

British Angora (UK 1960s)

Cymric (Canada, 1960s)

Javanese (USA/UK, 1960s)

Ragdoll (USA, 1960s) [trademarked]

Snowshoe (USA, 1960s)

Devon Rex (UK, 1960)

Scottish Fold (Scotland, 1961)

Bengal (USA, 1963) [leopard cat hybrid]

Ocicat (USA, 1964)

American Shorthair (USA, 1966 - official recognition, previous DSH)

American Wirehair (USA, 1966)

Exotic Shorthair (USA, 1966/7) *developed from 1950s onward

Sphynx (Canada, 1966)

Somali (USA, 1967)

Tiffany/Chantilly (USA, 1967)

Dutch Rex (Netherlands, 1969) *vanished (another appeared 1985)

California Spangle (USA, 1971)

Singapura (Singapore, 1971)

Victoria Rex (UK, 1972) *vanished

Spotted Mist (Australia, 1976)

Sokoke Forest Cat (Kenya, 1977)

Mexican (Mexico, 1978)

Sieburg Rex (Germany, 1979) *vanished

American Keuda (USA, 1980)

Bristol (USA, 1980s)* [margay hybrid] absorbed into Bengal breed

American Lynx (USA, 1980s) [bobcat hybrid]

Colorpoint British Shorthair (UK, 1980s)

Coupari/Longhair Fold (UK, 1980s)

Tiffanie (UK, 1980s)

Safari Cat (USA, 1980s)

Malayan (USA, 1980)

Mini-Persian (USA, 1980s) [when breeding program began]

Pixie-Persian (USA, 1980s) [when breeding program began]

Toy-Persian (USA, 1980s) [when breeding program began]

American Curl (USA, 1981)

Burmilla (UK, 1981)

Colorpoint European Shorthair (Italy, 1982)

European Shorthair (Italy, 1982)

York Chocolate (USA, 1983)

Celonese (Sri Lanka, 1984)

Ojos Azules (USA, 1984)

Seychellois (UK, 1984)

Dutch Rex (Wirehair Rex) (Holland, 1985)

LaPerm (USA, 1986)

Nebelung (USA, 1986)

Si-Rex (USA, 1986)

Toy-Bobtail (Russia, 1986)

Selkirk Rex (USA, 1987)

Russian Hairless/Don Sphynx (Russia, 1987)

Wild Abyssinian (Singapore, 1987)

Limau Kohlum (Singapore, 1987)

Maine Waves/Rexed Maine Coon (UK, 1988)

Oriental Bobtail (UK, 1988)

Karellian/Karel Bobtail (Russia, 1990s?)

Dakota Rex (USA, 1990s)

California Toyger (USA, 1990s)

Ussuri (Russia, 1990s)

Petersburg Hairless (Russia, 1990s)

Aegean Cat (Greece, 1990s)

Thai-Bobtail (Russia, 1990s?)

Nebelung (USA, 1990s)

Missouri Rex (USA, 1990s)

Snow Cat/Alaskan Snow Cat (USA, 1990s)

Mandalay (New Zealand, ?1990s)

Suqutranese (UK, 1990) *vanished?

Munchkin (USA, 1991)

Urals Rex (Russia, 1991)

Foldex (Canada, 1992)

Mei Toi (USA, 1994) * became Mei Toy Munchkin

Ragamuffin (USA, 1994; previously IRCA Ragdoll)

Poodle Cat (Germany, 1994)

Bohemian Rex/Czech Curly Cat (Czech Republic, 1994)

Templecat (Tsuncat/Birman Shorthair) (NZ, 1995)

Toy & Teacup Persian (USA, 1996)

Chausie (USA, 1995?) [jungle cat hybrid]

Pixie-Bob (USA, 1995)

Serengeti (US, ?1996)

Malaysiana (Malaysia, 1996)

Australian Curl (Australia, 1996 - discontinued 1997)

Savannah (US, ?1997) [serval hybrid]

Savannah (UK, 1997) * renamed Serengeti

Marbled Mist (Australia, 1997)

Tibetane (Netherlands, 1997) *by independent clubs

Renegade (US, ?1997)

Curly Coated Manx (Australia & New Zealand, 1998)

Australian Rex (Australia, 1998)

Poly-Bob (USA, 1998) [linked to Twisty Cat]

Twisty cat (USA, 1998) [detrimental deformity]

Skookum (USA, 1998 [previously LaMerm])

Kanaani (1999)

New Zealand Shorthair (NZ, 2000s)

Machbagral (USA, 2000s) [fishing cat hybrid]

Pantherette (USA, 2000s) [leopard cat hybrid]

Kucing Malaysia (Malaysia, 2000s)

American Polydactyl (USA, 2000s)

COURICS (USA, 2000s) [trademarked]

American Ringtail (was Ringtailed Sing-a-Ling) (USA, 2000s)

Elizabethan (USA, 2000s)

Vienna Woods (USA, 2000s) *now part of American Shorthair

Minskin (USA, 2000s)

Mokave Jag Cat (2000) Iowa Rex (USA, 2001)

Jungala (USA, 2001)

Ruffle (USA, 2001)* vanished?

Panthurette (USA, 2001) *vanished? [wholly domestic]

Britanica (Europe, 2002)

Viverral (USA, 2001)

Hemingway Sphynx (USA, 2002)

Napoleon (USA, 2002)

Hawaiian Hairless (Hawaii, 2002)

Prairie Rex (Saskatoon, Canada, 2002/3, all neutered due to genetic problems)

Wooley (Brooklyn Wooley [Rex]) (USA, 2003)

Hoosier Rex (USA, 2003, but were all neutered)

Cheops (Canada, 2004)

Punjabi (Belgium, 2004?)

Tennessee Rex (USA, 2004)

Chinese White (China, 2004/5?)

Dragon Li (China, 2004/5?)

Nanus Rex (USA, 2005)

Ashera (USA, 2008)

Bramble (USA, 2007)

Caracat (USA, 2007)

Arctic Curl (UK, 2008)

Helki (USA, 2009)

St Helen Cat (Agia Heleni) (Cyprus, 2009)

Cyprus Mountain Cat (Aphrodite's Giant Cat) (Cyprus, 2009)

Cuban Blue/Azul Cubano (2010)

Lykoi (2010)

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