鸟类群落结构及分布研究

摘要：

2017年5月至2018年9月,采用样线法对观山湖区的森林、湖泊、农田、建筑区和农林5类生境中的鸟类进行调查,共记录到鸟类16目42科193种.鸟类种类最多的科为鸫科(23种).鸟类数量最多的科为鹎科(16.99%).中国濒危物种红皮书:易危2种.中国重点保护野生动物名录:一级保护物种1种、二级保护物种18种.分别按照食性、居留型、生态型和生活型对鸟类群落进行了分类及数量统计.不同生境之间比较显示:1)鸟类种类实际观察值和估计值从高到低均为:森林、湖泊、农田、建筑区和农林;2)每条样线鸟类数量平均值从高到低依次为:湖泊、森林、农田、建筑区和农林;3)Shannon-Wiener指数从高到低依次为:森林、农林、湖泊、农田和建筑区;4)每条样线鸟类生物量平均值从高到低依次为:湖泊、森林、农田、农林和建筑区.鸟类群落的Morisita-Horn相似性系数在建筑区-农田之间最大,在建筑区-森林之间最小.鸟类群落的Sorenson相似性系数在建筑区-农田之间最大,在森林-农林之间最小.主成分分析筛选了每类生境中对鸟类多样性产生影响的主导因子.观山湖区土地利用规划中森林和湖泊属于首要保护的生境,在“千园之城”等工程建设中,提高乔木、灌木多样性和构建水体生境斑块复杂性有助于提高鸟类多样性.

Bird surveys were carried out in the habitats of forest,lake,farmland,building area and agroforestry in Guanshanhu,using method of transect,from May 2017 to September 2018.A total of 193 species belonging to 42 families and 16 orders of birds were recorded.The largest family of bird species was Turdidae(23 species).The most abundant birds were Pycnonotidae(16.99%).Two vulnerable species belonged to the Red Book of Endangered Species in China.There were 1 species of national class I and 18 species of national class II in the List of Key Protected Wild Animals in China.The bird communities were classified and counted according to food category,resident type,ecotype and life form.Comparisons among different habitats showed that:1)Both the observed and estimated bird species declined in turn in forest,lake,farmland,building area and agroforestry;2)The average number of birds per transect declined from lake to forest,farmland,building area and agroforestry respectively;3)The Shannon Wiener indexes of bird ranged from high to low in forest,agroforestry,lake,farmland and building area respectively;4)The avian average biomass per transect declined in turn in lake,forest,farmland,agroforestry and building area respectively.The Morisita-Horn Similarity Coefficient of bird communities was the highest between building area and farmland,and the lowest between building area and forest.The Sorenson Similarity Coefficient was the highest between building area and farmland,and the lowest between forest and agroforestry.Principal component analysis was used to screen the dominant factors affecting bird diversity in each habitat.Forests and lakes are the most important protected habitats to the land use plan in Guanshanhu.Improving the complexity of the habitat patches of trees,shrubs and water bodies is helpful to bird diversity in the construction progress ofThousand-Garden-City.

作者：

罗祖奎 李扬 徐曦

Lou Zukui;Li Yang;Xu Xi(School of Life and Health Science,Kaili University,Kaili Guizhou 556011,China;Leigong Mountain National Reserve Administration,Leishan Guizhou 557100,China;Shanghai Julong Eco-protection Technology Research Center,Yangpu Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：

凯里学院大健康学院 雷公山国家级自然保护区管理局 上海聚隆生态保护技术研究中心

出处：

《河南师范大学学报：自然科学版》 CAS 北大核心  2021年第5期104-111,共8页

Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基金：

国家自然科学基金(31960231) 凯里学院高层次人才深度研究专项课题(GCC201802) 凯里学院校级重点课题(Z1301).

关键词：

群落组成 群落特征 生境因子 多样性 分布

community composition community characteristics environmental factors diversity distribution

分类号：

Q959.7 [生物学—动物学]  Q958.1 [生物学—动物学] 

鸟类群落结构及分布研究--以贵阳市观山湖区为例.pdf

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