抗应激制剂在水产动物活体运输中的应用研究进展

摘要

水产动物在运输尤其是长途运输过程中，容易受到颠簸、拥挤、缺氧和环境变化等因素的影响，产生适应性或防御性的应激反应，使得体内积累过多的活性氧自由基，损伤肝脏和肾脏等器官，导致机体的抵抗力下降，进而诱发水产动物的疾病，甚至死亡。因此，必须从运输前、运输中以及运输后三个环节全面预防和保护，将运输应激降至最低水平，最大程度减少发病率和死亡率。重点介绍了维生素、生物活性多糖、氨基酸、电解质和矿物元素及天然产物五类可以缓解水产动物应激的制剂或添加剂，展望了抗运输应激产品的研发方向。通过对已有文献资料分析：认为单一性的抗应激制剂无法完全消除或缓解多种运输应激，研究几种抗应激制剂共同作用后的综合效果显得尤为重要；并认为应综合利用维生素、活性多糖及矿物质元素开发一个合理的配方，这可能会取得较好地缓解水产动物运输应激的效果。

Abstract

Living aquatic animals are susceptible to factors such as bump, crowding, hypoxia and environmental changes during transportation, especially during long-distance transportation, and produce adaptive or defensive stress reactions, which causes excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen radicals in the body and brings damage to organs such as liver and kidneys. So it may result in decreased resistance of the body, induce diseases and even death among the aquatic animals. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and protection must be carried out from the three processes namely pre-transportation, during transportation, and post-transportation. The transportation stress should be reduced to the lowest level as much as possible to minimize morbidity and mortality. This article focuses on the five kinds of drugs or additives- vitamins, bioactive polysaccharides, amino acids, electrolytes and minerals, and natural products, which can relieve the stress of aquatic animals during transportation. It prospects the development direction of anti-transportation stress products. Through the analysis of the available literature, it is considered that the single anti-stress preparation cannot completely eliminate or relieve the various transportation stresses. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the combined effects of several anti-stress preparations；and a reasonable formula should be developed based on  the comprehensive utilization of vitamins, bioactive polysaccharides and mineral elements, which may achieve better effects in relieving the transportation stress on aquatic animals.

关键词

水产动物 /运输应激 /制剂 /添加剂 /缓解{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

aquatic animal /transportation stress /drug /additive /relieve
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张晓林，王秋荣，刘贤德.抗应激制剂在水产动物活体运输中的应用研究进展. 渔业现代化. 2018, 45(3): 75 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-9580.2018.03.012

ZHANG Xiaolin，WANG Qiurong，LIU Xiande.Progress in the application research of anti-stress preparations in the transportation of living aquatic animals#br#. Fishery Modernization. 2018, 45(3): 75 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-9580.2018.03.012

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脚注

基金

国家自然科学基金项目（31172397）；国家级大学生创新创业计划项目（201710390010）；福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（JA14167）

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