鲥鯸淀鱼类群落特征与生物完整性评价

摘要： 鱼类生物完整性指数（F-IBI, fish-index of biotic integrity）被广泛应用于河湖健康评价，可为水域生态修复和保护提供重要科学依据。于2018年10月—2019年7月在白洋淀区的典型湖泊鲥鯸淀开展鱼类群落采样，结合鱼类生物完整性指数评价体系和ABC曲线（abundance biomass comparison curves），综合评价鱼类群落组成特征和水域健康状况。共发现鱼类30种，隶属4目10科，其中鲤科鱼类物种数最多，共21种，占鱼类总物种数目的70%。FIBI评价结果表明，在鲥鯸淀的采样站点中，鱼类生物完整性评为“好～优”等级共有3个点；评价为“好”等级共有3个点；评价为“一般～好”等级共有4个点；评价为“一般”等级共有5个点；评价为“差～一般”等级共有8个点；评价为“差”等级共有3个点；没有点位评价为“优”和“极差”等级。总体上，春季和秋季呈现“一般～好”，夏季呈现“差～一般”。ABC曲线结果显示，季度性汇总、春季和夏季所得的ABC曲线展现出明显的交叉趋势，表明总体状态、春季和夏季均呈现中度干扰状态；秋季的数量优势度曲线位于生物量优势度曲线之上，表明该季节呈现严重干扰状态。与20世纪50—70年代相比，白洋淀区域鱼类生物完整性整体呈下降趋势。过度捕捞、水质污染和极端气候等是白洋淀鱼类群落变化的重要因素，建议在湖泊生态修复的同时，通过划定禁渔区和延长禁渔期等方式，加强对鱼类资源保护和可持续利用。

关键词: 鱼类生物完整性指数, ABC曲线, 健康评价, 白洋淀 

Abstract: Fish-based index of biotic integrity (F-IBI) has been widely used in the health assessment of rivers and lakes, which is of great significance for regional ecological restoration and protection. From October 2018 to July 2019, we sampled fish community in Shihoudian Lake, the experimental area of Baiyangdian Lake. Combing with FIBI and ABC curve (abundancebiomass comparison curves), we comprehensively evaluated fish community composition characteristics and water health status. A total of 30 species were recorded, belonging to 4 orders and 10 families. Cyprinidae had 21 species, accounting for 70% of the total number of fish species. The F-IBI evaluation results showed that three sites were evaluated as “good to excellent” in the Bai yangdian Lake experimental area, three sites as “good”, four sites as “general to good”, five sites as “general”, eight sites as “poor-general”, three sites as “poor”, and no sites as “excellent” or “extremely poor”. Overall, autumn and spring showed “generalgood”, and summer showed “poorgeneral”. The ABC curves revealed obvious crossover trend, indicating that the overall state and that both spring and summer were moderately disturbed. The abundance curve in autumn remained above the biomass curve, indicating that autumn was in a serious interference state. Compared with the period between 1950s and 1970s, F-IBI of Baiyangdian Lake showed a downward trend. Overfishing, water pollution, and extreme climate were important factors driving the changes of Baiyangdian fish communities. Fishing forbidden zone should be delimited and the closed fishing season should be extended to strengthen the protection and sustainable use of fish resources.

Key words: fish-based index of biotic integrity, abundance-biomass comparison curve, health assessment, Baiyangdian Lake.

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