模式标本遗传数据的重要性：南白颊长臂猿（Nomascus siki）的可疑模式产地

摘要: 多个世纪以来，许多新物种的历史描述仅有模糊或不准确的模式产地信息。这将对有关该物种及其地理分布的研究产生混乱，进而妨碍保护工作的开展。南白颊长臂猿（Nomascus siki）就是这样的一个典型案例，其模式产地被指定为越南中部的Thua Luu。事实上，该地点是位于北黄颊长臂猿（N. annamensis）分布区之内，且距离南白颊长臂猿已知分布范围南端超过200千米。为解决南白颊长臂猿模式产地的问题，我们测定了其正模标本的线粒体基因组序列，并将其细胞色素b基因序列与其他有明确产地信息的冠长臂猿样本做了比较。结果与表型特征预测一致：南白颊长臂猿正模标本的序列与其他南白颊长臂猿标本聚为一支，却没有与其模式产地近域或同域分布（5千米以内）的长臂猿样本聚为一支。该研究暗示南白颊长臂猿的“模式产地”可能并不是正模标本的实际采集地点。我们的研究揭示了载名模式标本遗传数据的重要性，它们是分类学和生物地理研究的重要参考。

Figure  1.   Photographs of N. siki and N. annamensis, distribution map of crested gibbons, and phylogeny of “light-cheeked” gibbons

A: Skin of N. siki holotype (subadult male; NHMUK ZD.1933.4.1.6(a)) from the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (NHMUK). Photo by Anna Barros. B: Distribution map of crested gibbons, genus Nomascus (modified from Thinh et al. (2010b)). Black and blue lines refer to country borders and major rivers, respectively. Area between red lines is approximate distribution of N. siki according to Delacour (1951) and the red star indicates the type locality of N. siki. Colored circles indicate sampling sites for comparative cytochrome b gene sequences (for further details and locality IDs see Supplementary Table S1). Black circles indicate sites where Delacour obtained additional N. siki specimens (adapted from Figure 1 in Delacour (1951)). C: Subadult male of N. annamensis from the Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam. Photo by Tilo Nadler. D: Maximum-likelihood tree showing phylogenetic relationships among “light-cheeked” gibbons based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. Numbers at nodes refer to bootstrap values and bar below indicates substitutions per site. Sequence of N. siki holotype is in bold.

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